TY - JOUR

T1 - Benefits of Taking a Virtual Field Trip in Immersive Virtual Reality

T2 - Evidence for the Immersion Principle in Multimedia Learning

AU - Makransky, Guido

AU - Mayer, Richard E.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - This study describes and investigates the immersion principle in multimedia learning. A sample of 102 middle school students took a virtual field trip to Greenland via a head mounted display (HMD) or a 2D video as an introductory lesson within a 6-lesson inquiry-based climate change intervention. The HMD group scored significantly higher than the video group on presence (d = 1.43), enjoyment (d = 1.10), interest (d = .57), and retention in an immediate (d = .61) and delayed posttest (d = .70). A structural equation model indicated that enjoyment mediated the pathway from instructional media to immediate posttest, and interest mediated the pathway from instructional media to delayed posttest score, indicating that these factors may play different roles in the learning process with immersive media. This work contributes to the cognitive affective model of immersive learning, and suggests that immersive lessons can have positive longitudinal effects for learning.

AB - This study describes and investigates the immersion principle in multimedia learning. A sample of 102 middle school students took a virtual field trip to Greenland via a head mounted display (HMD) or a 2D video as an introductory lesson within a 6-lesson inquiry-based climate change intervention. The HMD group scored significantly higher than the video group on presence (d = 1.43), enjoyment (d = 1.10), interest (d = .57), and retention in an immediate (d = .61) and delayed posttest (d = .70). A structural equation model indicated that enjoyment mediated the pathway from instructional media to immediate posttest, and interest mediated the pathway from instructional media to delayed posttest score, indicating that these factors may play different roles in the learning process with immersive media. This work contributes to the cognitive affective model of immersive learning, and suggests that immersive lessons can have positive longitudinal effects for learning.

KW - Faculty of Social Sciences

KW - immersion

KW - virtual reality

KW - video

KW - virtual field trip

KW - affective processing

KW - head mounted display

KW - metaverse

U2 - 10.1007/s10648-022-09675-4

DO - 10.1007/s10648-022-09675-4

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35475019

VL - 34

SP - 1771

EP - 1798

JO - Educational Psychology Review

JF - Educational Psychology Review

SN - 1040-726X

ER -