TY - JOUR

T1 - Detection and genetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in samples from clinically healthy animals in endemic settings

AU - Jamal, S M

AU - Ferrari, G

AU - Hussain, M

AU - Nawroz, A H

AU - Aslami, A A

AU - Khan, E

AU - Murvatulloev, S

AU - Ahmed, S

AU - Belsham, G J

N1 - © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

PY - 2012/10

Y1 - 2012/10

N2 - A total of 1501 oral swab samples from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan were collected from clinically healthy animals between July 2008 and August 2009 and assayed for the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. The oral swab samples from two (of four) live animal markets in Pakistan (n = 245), one (of three) live animal market in Afghanistan (n=61) and both the live animal markets in Tajikistan (n=120) all tested negative. However, 2 of 129 (∼2%) samples from Gondal and 11 of 123 (9%) from Chichawatni markets in Pakistan were positive for FMDV RNA. Similarly, 12 of 81 (15%) samples from Kabul and 10 of 20 (50%) from Badakhshan in Afghanistan were found to be positive. Serotypes A and O of FMDV were identified within these samples. Oral swab samples were also collected from dairy colonies in Harbanspura, Lahore (n=232) and Nagori, Karachi (n=136), but all tested negative for FMDV. In the Landhi dairy colony, Pakistan, a cohort of 179 apparently healthy animals was studied. On their arrival within the colony, thirty-nine (22%) of these animals were found positive for FMDV RNA (serotype A was identified), while 130 (72.6%) had antibodies to FMDV non-structural proteins. Thus, newly introduced animals may be a significant source of the disease in the colony. Only two animals from the cohort were detected as becoming positive for FMDV RNA during a follow-up period of 4months; however, only 10 animals remained negative for anti-NSP antibodies during this period.

AB - A total of 1501 oral swab samples from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan were collected from clinically healthy animals between July 2008 and August 2009 and assayed for the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. The oral swab samples from two (of four) live animal markets in Pakistan (n = 245), one (of three) live animal market in Afghanistan (n=61) and both the live animal markets in Tajikistan (n=120) all tested negative. However, 2 of 129 (∼2%) samples from Gondal and 11 of 123 (9%) from Chichawatni markets in Pakistan were positive for FMDV RNA. Similarly, 12 of 81 (15%) samples from Kabul and 10 of 20 (50%) from Badakhshan in Afghanistan were found to be positive. Serotypes A and O of FMDV were identified within these samples. Oral swab samples were also collected from dairy colonies in Harbanspura, Lahore (n=232) and Nagori, Karachi (n=136), but all tested negative for FMDV. In the Landhi dairy colony, Pakistan, a cohort of 179 apparently healthy animals was studied. On their arrival within the colony, thirty-nine (22%) of these animals were found positive for FMDV RNA (serotype A was identified), while 130 (72.6%) had antibodies to FMDV non-structural proteins. Thus, newly introduced animals may be a significant source of the disease in the colony. Only two animals from the cohort were detected as becoming positive for FMDV RNA during a follow-up period of 4months; however, only 10 animals remained negative for anti-NSP antibodies during this period.

KW - Afghanistan/epidemiology

KW - Animals

KW - Buffaloes

KW - Cattle

KW - Dairying

KW - Endemic Diseases/veterinary

KW - Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology

KW - Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics

KW - Genetic Variation

KW - Logistic Models

KW - Multivariate Analysis

KW - Pakistan/epidemiology

KW - Phylogeny

KW - RNA, Viral/isolation & purification

KW - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

KW - Tajikistan/epidemiology

U2 - 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01295.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01295.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22212855

VL - 59

SP - 429

EP - 440

JO - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

JF - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

SN - 1865-1674

IS - 5

ER -