This second theory chapter, by Peter Abrahamson, is on the one hand descriptive, while going also into the real-typical (detail-oriented) world of welfare state system comparison, and on the other hand, it set itself the goal to take inventory of welfare state system development and, thus, to look onto and into the future of social policy, in each world region, one by one. By and large, social citizenship is extending across the world, while dualization of welfare state systems is making things worse and worse, for more and more marginalized population groups around the world, in every region of the world. Abrahamson links political reasons for inequality and environmental inequality with social inequality, and he expects inequalities to increase leading to a yet more polarized world and yet more polarized societies.