The Street Spirit Has Not Faded Out Just Yet: A Criminological Exploration of the Street Methods of U.K. Ticket Touts in a Time of Bots and Illegal Online Resale

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The phenomenon of buying and reselling tickets for profit, known in the United Kingdom as tickettouting, can offer insights into the online–offline overlaps of contemporary illicit-market activities.While the technological advancements of the last decades have revolutionized the way in which tick-ets for U.K. concerts and sporting events are bought and sold, traditional forms of offline toutingare arguably far from extinct. And yet the focus and efforts of campaigners, the media, and of (some)members of parliament have been dedicated entirely to the online aspect of illegal ticket resale.Indeed, legislation banning the use of“bots”to purchase tickets was introduced in 2017, and addi-tional measures that only target the online methods of a so-called new generation of touts are againbeing considered. Empirical data collected through observations outside music venues and footballstadia alongside in-depth qualitative interviews with contemporary touts, however, reveal a very dif-ferent picture. Not only is street touting surviving and thriving, new evidence suggests that thetouts’traditional street spirit and deviant savoir-faire are now effectively being emulated by thesame online resale companies that stakeholders are trying to target. In fact, the failed attemptsto curb this much-vilified practice can in part be attributed to a widespread neglect of the touts’traditional offline practices. In particular, the touts’use of creative strategies to deceive and manip-ulate consumers, and to exploit longstanding, favorable connections within the official, primary mar-ket, continue to elude experts. The article situates touting alongside other illicit-market phenomenathat, although impacted by recent technological innovations, still rely on original forms of offlineoffending. While street touting is seldom mentioned in the debates on regulating tickets, it is thevery connection between the illegal resale market’s online and offline aspects that could shedlight on the areas that most require attention and reform, beyond technology and the bots.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftInternational Criminal Justice Review
Antal sider23
ISSN1057-5677
DOI
StatusE-pub ahead of print - 28 feb. 2024

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The author was financially supported in the completion of this work by the Bursary Provider PGRO-LAW-02-13 at the University of Greenwich, London, and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant No. 725194).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Georgia State University.

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