An ethogram method for the analysis of human distress-related behaviours in the aftermath of public conflicts

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  • Virginia Pallante
  • Peter Ejbye-Ernst
  • Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard
Research on other than human animals has widely documented the behavioural expression of distress in a conflict context. In humans, however, this remains largely unknown due to the lack of direct access to real-life conflict events. Here, we took the aftermath of 76 video recorded street conflicts and applied the ethological method to explore the distress-related behavioural cues of
previous antagonists. Drawing on observations on nonhuman behaviour and inductively identified behaviours, we developed and inter-coder reliability tested an ethogram for the behavioural repertoire of distress. We further quantitively analysed the behaviours with a correlation matrix and PCA, that revealed that the behaviours we observed were not displayed in combination with each other, showing a variability in how people express distress. Since both human and nonhuman primates react to conflict situations with similar expressions of distress, we suggest a comparative approach to understand the evolutionary roots of human behaviour.
OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftBehaviour
Vol/bind160
Udgave nummer15
Sider (fra-til)1409-1445
Antal sider37
ISSN0005-7959
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
We wish to thank Lucia Berti for the drawings, Hans Myhre Sunde, involved as a second independent observer to test the inter-coder reliability, Wim Bernasco for helping with the analysis of inter-coder reliability, and Otto Adang for valuable discussion on the manuscript. This study was funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO VI.Vidi.195.083) by means of a grant awarded to Marie Rosenkrantz Lindegaard. This project has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101029161 awarded to Virginia Pallante. Author contributions were as follows: Conceptualization: V.P. and M.R.L. Methodology: V.P., P.E.-E., and M.R.L. Formal Analysis: V.P. and P.E.-E. Investigation: V.P., P.E.-E., and M.R.L. Data Curation: V.P., P.E.-E., and M.R.L. Writing — Original Draft Preparation: V.P., P.E.-E., and M.R.L. Writing — Review and Editing: V.P., P.E.-E., and M.R.L. Supervision: M.R.L. Project Administration: M.R.L. Funding Acquisition: V.P. and M.R.L.

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